ENSURING THE RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS OF THE FOUNDATION BASE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE UNCERTAINTY OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36773/1818-1112-2026-140-2-66-77Keywords:
operational control, wastewater disposal systems, waste water, reinforced concrete structures, regulatory documents, technical condition assessment, forecasting, probabilistic methods, building reliabilityAbstract
Issues of ensuring the reliability and durability of buildings and structures traditionally occupy a central place in geotechnical practice, since any deformations of the foundation soil can lead to serious operational problems and significant material losses. In accordance with the current GOST 27751-2014 [1], the reliability assessment of the soil foundation is prescribed to be performed using probabilistic and statistical methods that assume the availability of complete information on the distributions of random variables characterizing the physical and mechanical properties of soils and external loads. However, the actual situation in the field of engineering geological surveys is often associated with a deficit of baseline data, a limited volume of testing, and significant spatial variability of the soil mass parameters, which makes the direct application of classical statistical approaches difficult or incorrect [4, 6].
Assessing reliability by the settlement criterion poses a particular challenge, since the foundation soil does not function in isolation, but as an integral link in a single mechanical system of "soil–foundation–superstructure", where the interaction of elements is of a complex, non-linear nature [4]. At the same time, the regulatory and methodological literature lacks clear practical recommendations for performing probabilistic reliability calculations for soil foundations under conditions of limited statistical information on soil properties and load parameters [4]. This circumstance significantly restrains the implementation of a risk-oriented approach in the design and operation of capital construction facilities. Soils are among the most variable of all engineering materials, making them highly susceptible to probabilistic processing; however, with limited data, classical probabilistic methods give way to alternative approaches based on fuzzy set theory and possibility theory [6, 10, 11].
In view of the above, the purpose of this work is to provide an analytical review of existing methods for assessing the reliability of foundations and footings, applicable at the operational stage with incomplete baseline data [6, 13, 15]. Special attention is paid to the comparative characteristics of the approaches, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibilities of adaptation for solving practical problems of geotechnical monitoring. The results of the review are intended to justify the choice of the most rational design schemes and methods for accounting for uncertainty, which will increase the reliability of settlement forecasting and the safety of engineering decisions made.
References
Надежность строительных конструкций и оснований. Основные положения : ГОСТ 27751-2014. – Введ. 01.07.2015. – М. : Стандартинформ, 2015. – 24 с.
Ермолаев, Н. Н. Надежность оснований сооружений / Н. Н. Ермолаев, В. В. Михеев. – Л. : Стройиздат, 1976. – 152 с.
Шейнин, В. И. Подход к оцениванию надежности в инженерных расчетах оснований / В. И. Шейнин, Ю. В. Лесовой, В. В. Михеев // Основания, фундаменты и механика грунтов. – 1990. – № 1. – С. 24–26.
Уткин, В. С. Расчет надежности основания фундамента, сложенного просадочными грунтами, по критерию деформации с учетом изменчивости толщ слоев грунта / В. С. Уткин, А. А. Каберова // Справочник. Инженерный журнал. – 2015. – № 11. – С. 17–22.
Гарагаш, Б. А. Надежность систем «Основание – сооружение» / Б. А. Гарагаш. – М. : Ассоциация строительных вузов, 2012. – Т. 1. – 413 с.
Уткин, В. С. Расчет надежности грунтовых оснований фундаментов зданий и сооружений по критерию деформации при ограниченной информации о нагрузках и грунтах / В. С. Уткин // Инженерно-строительный журнал. – 2016. – № 1 (61). – С. 4–13.
Гарагаш, Б. А. Надежность систем «Основание–сооружение» / Б. А. Гарагаш. – М. : Ассоциация строительных вузов, 2012. – Т. 2. – 471 с.
Уткин, В. С. Нечеткие множества и теория возможностей в расчетах надежности строительных конструкций / В. С. Уткин, Н. Л. Галаева. – Вологда : ВоГТУ, 2008. – 160 с.
Zadeh, L. A. Fuzzy sets as a basis for a theory of possibility / L. A. Zadeh // Fuzzy Sets and Systems. – 1978. – Vol. 1. – P. 3–28.
Уткин, В. С. Расчет надежности механических систем при ограниченной статистической информации / В. С. Уткин, Л. В. Уткин. – Вологда : ВоГТУ, 2008. – 188 с.
Альберт, И. У. Численная оценка вероятности отказа системы «сооружение – сейсмоизолирующий фундамент – основание» при сейсмических воздействиях / И. У. Альберт // Вестник гражданских инженеров. – 2008. – № 1 (14). – С. 17–24.
Уткин, В. С. Расчет надежности грунтового основания фундаментов по критерию несущей способности / В. С. Уткин // Основания, фундаменты и механика грунтов. – 2014. – № 4. – С. 23–27.
Уткин, В. С. Расчет надежности фундаментов машин по критериям прочности грунта основания и амплитудам колебаний при ограниченной статистической информации / В. С. Уткин // International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. – 2013. – Vol. 9, No. 4. – С. 226–237.
Уткин, В. С. Расчет надежности грунтовых оснований и фундаментов машин при ограниченной информации на стадии эксплуатации / В. С. Уткин, Л. В. Уткин. – Вологда : ВоГТУ, 2013. – 124 с.
Уткин, В. С. Расчет надежности оснований фундаментов, сложенных набухающими грунтами, по критерию деформации (общей осадки) / В. С. Уткин, А. А. Каберова // International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. – 2015. – Vol. 11, No. 3. – P. 116–125.
Уткин, В. С. Расчет надежности оснований и фундаментов при различной информации. – Германия : LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2014. – 100 с.
Уткин, В. С. Сборник примеров расчета надежности несущих элементов зданий / В. С. Уткин, О. В. Ярыгина. – Вологда : ВоГТУ, 2015. – 83 с.
Baecher, G. B. Reliability and Statistics in Geotechnical Engineering / G. B. Baecher, J. T. Christian. – Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2003. – 605 p.
Phoon, K. K. Performance of reliability-based design code for mats for foundations in layered soils / K. K. Phoon, J. Ching, J. R. Chen // Computers and Structures. – 2013. – Vol. 126. – P. 100–106.
Phoon, K. K. Development of a reliability-based design framework for transmission line structure foundations / K. K. Phoon, F. H. Kulhawy, M. D. Grigoriu // Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. – 2003a. – Vol. 129, No. 9. – P. 798–806.
Naghibi, M. Geotechnical resistance factors for ultimate limit state design of deep foundations in cohesive soils / M. Naghibi, G. A. Fenton // Canadian Geotechnical Journal. – 2011. – Vol. 48, No. 11. – P. 1729–1741.
Eryilmaz, S. Stress strength reliability in the presence of fuzziness / S. Eryilmaz, G. Y. Tütüncü // Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. – 2015. – Vol. 282. – P. 262–267.
Li, G. A fuzzy reliability approach for structures based on the probability perspective / G. Li, Z. Lu, J. Xu // Structural Safety. – 2015. – Vol. 54. – P. 10–18.
Gao, P. Fuzzy dynamic reliability model of dependent series mechanical systems / P. Gao, S. Yan // Advances in Mechanical Engineering. – 2013. – Vol. 5. – P. 685721.
Wang, X. Safety estimation of structural systems via interval analysis / X. Wang, L. Wang, Z. Qiu // Chinese Journal of Aeronautics. – 2013. – Vol. 26, No. 4. – P. 911–918.
Строительные правила. Общие положения по проектированию оснований и фундаментов зданий и сооружений : СП 5.01.01-2023. – Введ. 27.02.2023. – Минск : Минстройархитектуры Республики Беларусь : Стройтехнорм, 2023. – 150 с.
Hansen, J. B. Code of Practice for Foundation Engineering / J. B. Hansen. – Copenhagen : Danish Geotechnical Institute, 1966. – 45 p.
Faber, M. Reliability Based Code Calibration / M. Faber, J. Sorensen. – Aalborg : Aalborg University, 2002. – 17 p.
Гуров, С. В. Надежность систем при неполной информации / С. В. Гуров, Л. В. Уткин. – СПб. : Любавич, 1999. – 166 с.
Shafer, G. A Mathematical Theory of Evidence / G. Shafer. – Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1976. – 297 p.
Smets, P. What is Dempster-Shafer's model? / P. Smets // Advances in the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence. – 1994. – P. 5–34.
Dempster, A. P. Upper and lower probabilities induced by a multivalued mapping / A. P. Dempster // Annals of Mathematical Statistics. – 1967. – Vol. 38. – P. 325–339.
Jiang, C. An evidence-based reliability analysis method for uncertain structures / C. Jiang, Z. Zhang, X. Han // Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. – 2013. – Vol. 45, No. 1. – P. 103–115.
A response surface approach for structural reliability analysis using evidence theory / Z. Zhang, C. Jiang, X. Han [et al.] // Advances in Engineering Software. – 2014. – Vol. 69. – P. 37–45.
Уткин, Л. В. Анализ риска и принятие решений при неполной информации / Л. В. Уткин. – СПб. : Наука, 2007. – 404 с.
Faber, M. H. Reliability Based Code Calibration / M. H. Faber, J. D. Sørensen. – Aalborg : Aalborg University, 2002. – 17 p.
NRCC. National Building Code of Canada. – Ottawa : National Research Council of Canada (NRCC), 2005. – 600 p.
CGS. Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual. – Montreal, Quebec : Canadian Geotechnical Society, 2006. – 520 p.
AASHTO. LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. – 9th ed. – Washington, D.C. : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2020. – 1200 p.
CEN. EN 1990:2002 Eurocode – Basis of structural design. – Brussels : European Committee for Standardization, 2002. – 87 p.
CEN. EN 1997-1:2004 Eurocode 7 – Geotechnical design – Part 1: General rules. – Brussels : European Committee for Standardization, 2004. – 166 p.
CSA. Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC). – Toronto : Canadian Standards Association, 2019. – 1000 p.
Allen, T. M. Development of geotechnical resistance factors and LRFD calibration / T. M. Allen // Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects. – ASCE, 2005. – P. 168–179.
Phoon, K. K. Multiple resistance factor design for shallow foundations / K. K. Phoon, F. H. Kulhawy, M. D. Grigoriu // Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. – 2003. – Vol. 129, No. 9. – P. 807–818.
Fenton, G. A. Load and resistance factor design of shallow foundations against bearing failure / G. A. Fenton, D. V. Griffiths, X. Zhang // Canadian Geotechnical Journal. – 2008. – Vol. 45, No. 11. – P. 1556–1571.
Bathurst, R. J. LRFD calibration of soil strength parameters for geotechnical structures / R. J. Bathurst, S. Javankhoshdel // Georisk. – 2017. – Vol. 11, No. 1. – P. 119–133.
Foye, K. C. Assessment of resistance factors for LRFD of shallow foundations / K. C. Foye, R. Salgado, B. Scott // Transportation Research Record. – 2006. – No. 1975. – P. 21–30.
Bathurst, R. J. Calibration concepts for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of reinforced soil walls / R. J. Bathurst, T. M. Allen, A. S. Nowak // Canadian Geotechnical Journal. – 2008. – Vol. 45, No. 10. – P. 1377–1392.
Основы проектирования строительных конструкций: строительные нормы Республики Беларусь : СН 2.01.01-2022. – Введ. 23.11.2022. – Минск : Министерство архитектуры и строительства Республики Беларусь, 2022. – III, 46 с.
Designer's guide to EN 1997-1 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – General rules / R. Frank, C. Bauduin, R. Driscoll [et al.]. – London : Thomas Telford, 2004. – 216 с.
Prästings, A. Characteristic values of geotechnical parameters in Eurocode 7 / A. Prästings, J. Spross, S. Larsson // Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Geotechnical Engineering. – Vol. 172 (4). – 2011. – P. 301–314.
Дереченник, С. С. Численное решение задачи оценивания эмпирической функции распределения для малых выборок с заданной достоверностью / С. С. Дереченник, Н. Н. Мешечек // Вестник Брестского государственного технического университета. – 2024. – № 1 (133). – С. 67–71. – DOI: 10.36773/1818-1112-2024-133-1-67-71.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The work is provided under the terms of Creative Commons public license Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license allows an unlimited number of persons to reproduce and share the Licensed Material in all media and formats. Any use of the Licensed Material shall contain an identification of its Creator(s) and must be for non-commercial purposes only. Users may not prevent other individuals from taking any actions allowed by the license.
