Vestnik of Brest State Technical University
By the decision of the board of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic of Belarus, the scientific and practical journal "Vestnik of Brest State Technical University" is included in the List of Scientific Publications of the Republic Belarus to publish the results of dissertation of technical (civil and environmental engineering, mechanical engineering, geoecology) branches of science and economic science.
УО "Брестский государственный технический университет"
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FORMATION OF NATIONAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN SETTLEMENTS FOR THEIR CONFORMITY WITH THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNICAL METHODS
Wastewater treatment facilities in populated areas of the Republic of Belarus are represented by a wide variety of design features, technical characteristics and applied technological solutions. Considering the environmental significance of such facilities and the current requirements of national legislation, the organizations operating them are forced to ensure continuous improvement of their operational efficiency, including through their reconstruction and modernization [1]. In addition, wastewater treatment facilities for residential areas using biological treatment in natural conditions have become widespread in the republic, the vast majority of which are represented by filtration fields. At the same time, national legislation, including the provisions of the National Strategy for Water Resources Management in the Context of Climate Change for the Period up to 2030, as well as the Strategy for Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2035, contains requirements for the transition to modern methods of wastewater treatment with a reduction in the areas used and the decommissioning of filtration fields. In practice, this means the elimination of filtration fields and other wastewater treatment facilities for biological treatment in natural conditions and the construction of wastewater treatment facilities for settlements for biological treatment in artificial conditions with the discharge of treated wastewater into surface water bodies. In this regard, further in the text of the article, wastewater treatment facilities for populated areas are understood to mean wastewater treatment facilities for biological treatment under artificial conditions with discharge of wastewater into surface water bodies. The article analyzes the approaches to designing construction projects and reconstructing wastewater treatment facilities in populated areas that have developed in the republic. The reasons for making incorrect technological decisions are analyzed and the possible consequences are considered. It is shown that the highest probability of making errors is typical for the initial stages of design at the stages of forming the technical specifications and developing pre-project (pre-investment) documentation. A solution to the identified problematic issues is proposed, based on scientifically based approaches that take into account the characteristic features of the operation of wastewater treatment facilities in populated areas of the republic, taking into account international experience.
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ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL METHODS OF MEASURING THE SIZE AND DISPERSION OF GAS BUBBLES IN WATER
The article shows the relevance of studying the characteristics of gas bubbles formed during aeration, ozonation or other methods of feeding gas into a liquid and considers existing optical and physical-technical methods for measuring the size of gas bubbles in water and analyzing their dispersion. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are given. Attention is focused on two methods of analyzing photographs to determine the dispersion of gas bubbles. One method allows for semi-automatic analysis of photographs, i. e., photo processing is done manually, and a computer program performs mathematical processing of the results obtained. The other method performs fully automated processing of photographs using artificial intelligence and mathematical analysis of the results obtained. An algorithm for semi-automatic determination of the dispersion of photographed gas bubbles formed in a tank with a transparent wall filled with water, using the Revit computer program, is described in detail. The advantages of this computer program in comparison with other programs are described. The possibility of using more advanced algorithms for automatic recognition of bubble contours in a photograph using artificial intelligence and automatic counting of their number, size and diameter is shown. A diagram is given showing the design of a special device that allows for automatic recognition and analysis of gas bubble dispersion. The advantages and disadvantages of a fully automated photo processing technique are shown. The choice of an optical photoanalysis method using semi-automatic determination of gas bubble dispersion is substantiated in order to assess the efficiency of the disperser. An experimental setup has been developed to analyze the dispersion of gas bubbles formed using various types of dispersers. A diagram of the experimental setup is given.
RUNOFF REGIME OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS OF BELARUSIAN RIVERS
This study examines methods for estimating the suspended sediment load in the Yaselda and Lesnaya rivers, as well as analyzing their relationship with hydrometeorological parameters. The primary approach involves using regression models based on statistical correlations between water turbidity and water discharge. Specifically, nonlinear power-type regression equations and their logarithmic transformations are applied to reconstruct missing data. Based on the developed models, annual average values of suspended sediment discharge for individual years were restored, revealing characteristic peaks in 1988, 1998, 2009, and 2012 for both rivers. The analysis of multi-year series showed the presence of local maxima, indicating complex hydrological processes and potential influences of natural and anthropogenic factors. An important aspect of the research is the assessment of seasonal variations in sediment runoff, which allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of suspended particle transport throughout the year. The use of statistical methods enables fairly accurate evaluation of sediment dynamics; however, the precision depends on the quality of initial data and consideration of additional factors. Overall the selected models are effective tools for estimating suspended sediments in conditions of limited data, which is crucial for hydrological monitoring and water resource management. The results highlight the need for a comprehensive approach that considers regional features and expands observation networks to improve forecast reliability. Additionally, the study includes an analysis of the impact of climate change on runoff parameters and sediment transport. It was established that an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events contributes to a rise in the intensity of suspended particle transfer, reflected in increased peak values of turbidity and sediment discharge. These findings are important for developing measures aimed at water resource protection and erosion prevention.
CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN RUNOFF FLUCTUATIONS IN THE WESTERN DVINA BASIN RIVERS AND THEIR FORECAST ESTIMATES
The article presents the results of studies of spatial and temporal fluctuations in the typical water discharges of the Western Dvina River and its tributaries located in the territory of Belarus during the period of instrumental observations. A hydrological series of 145 years (from 1877 to 2021) at the Vitebsk gauging station is considered. It is shown that climate change has increased the unevenness in runoff changes, both in the basins of the Western Dvina rivers and in its intra-annual distribution by seasons of the year. Also the unevenness in runoff changes is related to the rivers watershed areas distinguished as large, medium, small. Significant changes in runoff occurred in the spring period, which are related to a decrease in the runoff of the spring flood and its earlier onset. In the spring, summer and autumn periods, different directions of runoff changes are observed, in the summer period it increases. The runoff forecast for the period up to 2035 basically confirmed the identified trends in its change in the period from 1961 to 2015. With an insignificant change in runoff on average per year, there is a high probability of its unevenness and multidirectionality in seasons and months. Increased unevenness of the intra-annual distribution of runoff and an increase in the risk of floods caused by sharp thaws in winter, an earlier onset of spring floods and an increase in the intensity of rain floods can lead to an increase in the risk of extreme events. The significance of river runoff assessments and forecasts in the changing climate is determined by the feasibility of their further consideration when planning water protection and water management measures related to improving the management of the Western Dvina river basins.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF GAS PURIFICATION PLANTS FOR ENTERPRISES USING LOCAL FUELS
Regulation of gross emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from the combustion of local fuels is aimed not only at protecting the environment, but also promotes compliance with environmental regulations, ensuring energy security and improving the quality of life of the population. An important factor in the development of peat processing enterprises in Belarus is the high efficiency of peat use in the economic sector of the state. The main objective of the company's environmental protection activities is to minimize environmental impacts from production processes. Industrial facilities that carry out technological processes with emissions of pollutants are required to develop, implement, and monitor environmental protection measures aimed at minimizing all types of environmental pollution. To protect atmospheric air, measures are provided to improve industrial emissions purification systems, introduce gas cleaning equipment, as well as methods aimed at dispersing, neutralizing pollutants, and complying with the requirements for the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise. The use of efficient technologies and control of emissions of harmful substances play a key role in creating an environmentally sustainable and healthy environment for future generations. The development and implementation of measures to improve existing technologies in this industry are relevant. The article proposes a technical solution to improve the efficiency of gas purification plants for enterprises using local fuels. It is shown that the modernization of the purification system based on battery cyclones for a boiler plant when burning local fuels will increase the efficiency of purification, minimize the effects of the boiler house's production activities on atmospheric air, and reduce the gross emission of pollutants from the source under study.
INTEGRATED APPROACH TO WATER USE REGULATION IN DAIRY INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
In the Republic of Belarus, dairy industry enterprises occupy leading positions both in terms of dairy production volumes and water consumption volumes among other food manufacturing enterprises. Over the past ten years, these enterprises have been actively re-equipping, which has allowed them to fully involve by-products of milk processing in the production process and obtain new types of dairy products. At the same time, due to the introduction of new technologies, the list of production equipment has expanded, the structure of water consumption and water disposal has changed. Wastewater consumption per ton of incoming milk has increased at enterprises engaged in cheese production and whey processing. The range of increase in water disposal standards in relation to water consumption was from 10 to 30%. Some enterprises have introduced systems for the reuse of water after sanitization of equipment, permeate after whey membrane filtration units. Based on the results of the analysis of technological processes, water consumption items and wastewater formation, a Methodology for calculating water use for dairy production enterprises (Methodology) has been developed. Taking into account the approaches set out in the Methodology, the calculation of individual technological standards for water consumption and water disposal per unit of processed raw materials or manufactured products is carried out, the range of deviation of actual water use from the standard is determined, and the directions of organizational and technical measures to optimize water use are determined. A block of studies was conducted to study the qualitative composition of wastewater for both individual production flows and the total wastewater flow in conjunction with the types of dairy products produced. Concentration ranges of pollutants in wastewater during the production of hard (semi-hard) cheese, concentrated whey, butter, CMP, and dry milk products were formed. An integrated approach to regulating water use at dairy industry enterprises, implemented through a computer program, was proposed. The article uses the main theses and conclusions given in the dissertation work of P. N. Zakharko.
CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE GRODNO REGION BY SUITABILITY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COMMON MINERALS
Practice demonstrates that the extraction potential of widespread mineral resources (WMR) is largely determined by the legal status of the lands where they are located. This necessitates the enhancement of traditional deposit assessment methodologies through the incorporation of geoecological criteria that consider land use specificities in mining areas. Integrating such criteria into evaluation frameworks typically enables more accurate justification of construction material extraction projects and facilitates concrete recommendations for sustainable utilization of regional mineral resource potential. In this context, the present study proposes a land classification approach for the Grodno Region based on suitability for open-pit mining of construction materials. The authors have established a six-tier land classification system: (1) lands most suitable for WMR extraction allotment; (2) lands suitable for WMR extraction allotment; (3) lands where WMR extraction is permissible; (4) lands with restricted WMR extraction; (5) lands with severely restricted WMR extraction; and (6) lands where WMR extraction is prohibited. Weight coefficients for each category were calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we developed a digital raster model incorporating this classification system and the calculated weight coefficients. This model, combined with geological and industrial parameters, will enable comprehensive assessment of WMR deposit development feasibility in the Grodno Region. The research findings may significantly contribute to subsurface resource management planning and land use optimization in the region.
SOLUTION OF ONE OF THE PROBLEMS OF HYDROLOGY USING POWER SERIES AND LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
The paper considers a model of long-term fluctuations in river runoff obtained on the basis of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic differential equation. The process under consideration, which is a homogeneous in time Markov process of diffusion type, with the corresponding coefficient of drift and diffusion, makes it possible to estimate the mathematical expectation of the probability distribution of changes in river runoff. This parameter is a solution of a second-order differential equation with boundary conditions obtained on the basis of the Fokker-Planck equation and the inverse Kolmogorov equation for the transition probability density. Unlike using numerical integration of this differential equation, the paper obtains a solution presented in the form of a power series. For this purpose, the paper uses various approaches to solving a differential equation. This is the power series method, which is used to find solutions to differential equations in the form of infinite power series that are expanded in powers of the variable. This is the expansion of a function in a Maclaurin series, which is used to find solutions to differential equations. The work also uses the Laplace transform, which is usually used only for solving linear differential equations with constant coefficients. This made it possible to obtain a differential equation for the image function of the solution of the original differential equation. The resulting differential equation for the image function was solved by the power series method to obtain the corresponding recurrence relations for the terms of the power series and formulas for calculating them. The inverse Laplace transform was also used to transform the image function into the original function, which is the solution to the corresponding differential equation. The proposed technique can be used to solve a wider range of stochastic hydrology problems.
DEVELOPMENT OF A RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF A DAIRY PRODUCTS ENTERPRISE, ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PINSK BRANCH OF SAVUSHKIN PRODUCT JSC
An inspection of wastewater-generating industries and the existing neutralization station for waste process solutions of the Pinsk branch of JSC Savushkin Product was conducted. Based on the inspection results, measures were developed to improve wastewater-generating industries in the direction of reducing water consumption for process needs and removing toxic ingredients with wastewater, and recommended equipment for effective wastewater treatment was selected. A technical assignment was prepared for the design of modern treatment facilities for dairy wastewater treatment. Together with HYDROMATIC GmbH (Germany), a wastewater treatment technology for this enterprise with highly effective hardware was developed. This company offers the enterprise a proven and successfully operating in many countries of the world combination of methods of physical-chemical and biological purification of industrial wastewater, which uses modern highly efficient technological equipment, materials, as well as advanced technologies in the field of physical-chemical purification, biological purification, additional purification of wastewater and automatic control systems, allowing to obtain the required quality of purified water with minimal operating costs. The work conducted studies of the composition of wastewater from the production of dairy products in order to improve the use in the direction of reducing the consumption of drinking water for technological needs and the removal of toxic components with wastewater. During the research, the obtained conclusions were verified, used to develop technologies for cleaning various types of wastewater, the introduction of highly efficient technological equipment and the use of biogas obtained during biological treatment of wastewater for mini-CHPs.
ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF FLOODPLAIN LANDS AND THEIR USE IN AGRICULTURE
The article examines the current ecological state and nature of the use of floodplain lands in the Center of Russia, as well as in the Ryazan Meshchera and the Belarusian Polesie. The scientific vision of a more appropriate territorial use of flood meadows in crop production, forage production, animal husbandry, poultry farming (breeding of waterfowl), hunting, conservation, fisheries, beekeeping, harvesting of wild plants, ecological tourism and design, creation of reference ecological sites, etc. is outlined. Monitoring of the state of the elements of ecological systems and ways to bring them in line with scientifically sound norms and regulations for maximum concentration doses (MPC) of environmental pollutants. With regard to meadow farming, the possibility of producing hay on natural and improved floodplain hayfields using modern technologies has been considered. Their specificity is the preservation and reproduction of established ecologically sustainable herb stands. A method for calculating the comparative ecological and economic efficiency of hay production is presented. The prospects for the use of floodplain territories in various fields of activity are outlined, taking into account the requirements and norms of environmental safety. The calculations were made with the calculation of the possibility of using these technologies in agricultural enterprises of various sizes and organizational and legal forms of management. The sources of financing for the proposed measures to improve floodplain meadow farming can be the company's own funds, government support measures, as well as public-private partnerships. The conducted research has shown that the most rational way to use floodplain lands in modern conditions is grassland farming, which maximally corresponds to the natural features of these territories. Moreover, the economic interests of not only agricultural producers, but also many related economic sectors are respected.
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF DLC-N COATINGS OBTAINED BY CATHODIC ARC DEPOSITION WITH ION ASSISTANCE
The ability of nitrogen to easily integrate into the diamond structure, replacing carbon atoms, makes it the most suitable element for modifying the mechanical, tribological and electrical properties of diamond-like carbon films and coatings. In this paper, we study the effect of the nitrogen state on the phase composition, structure and properties of diamond-like carbon coatings obtained by cathodic arc deposition. During the deposition of diamond-like carbon coatings, nitrogen was supplied to the vacuum chamber both in molecular form and in ionized form from an ion-beam source. It was found that a significant increase in the nitrogen content in the diamond-like carbon coating is observed in the case of its doping with nitrogen in the ionized state. The presence of nitrogen in the structure of diamond-like carbon leads to the formation of C-N chemical bonds in the configuration with both sp2 and sp3 bonded to carbon atoms. An increase in the energy of nitrogen ions stimulates an increase in the content of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms in the formed coatings with the structure of aromatic rings. It was found that the obtained amorphous coatings DLC-N contain three- and four-coordinated carbon atoms, and the number of four-coordinated carbon atoms and the degree of disorder in three-coordinated carbon atoms depend on the conditions of coating deposition. The obtained coatings have a high hardness of up to 4500 kgf/mm2, which allows them to be classified as superhard materials. The presence of nitrogen in the coating allows changing its specific electrical resistance over a wide range, as well as tribological characteristics under dry friction conditions. The obtained thin-film material is promising for obtaining structures with the required electrical conductivity, including for the manufacture of ionizing radiation detectors.
THE METHOD OF CALCULATING THE REMAINING RESOURCE OF FIRE TANK TRUCKS
The issues of reliability and resource of fire tank trucks (hereinafter referred to as FTT) are considered, the relevance of assessing their residual resource during operation is shown. A method is proposed for calculating the remaining resource of the main components of FTT, which takes into account the weighted average consumption of their resource potential and is a further development of the approach developed by the authors, based on factors mileage and operating time. The proposed method makes it possible to determine the remaining resource for a FTT as a whole and to take into account the resource consumption of all its main parts, including those replaced during operation. Dependencies for determining the resource consumption of the main parts of the FTT by mileage and operating time, criteria for dividing FTT into categories, taking into account the consumption of their resource, are given. An example of calculating the residual resource of a fire truck with a tank capacity of 5,000 liters, operated at the University of Civil Protection (hereinafter referred to as UCP) of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus, is considered. In order to ensure the quality and efficiency of data processing on the condition of existing equipment, as well as the preparation of the necessary information for decision-making on providing material and financial resources to the divisions, planning repairs and decommissioning, an assessment of the condition of a FTT is given, taking into account the remaining resource. In the future, the data obtained can be used for planning in the Production and Technical Centers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the fund of units, assemblies and parts, with the definition of their nomenclature, depending on the number of fire trucks in operation.
WAYS TO ELIMINATE NOISE INTERFERENCE FROM A FREQUENCY CONVERTER WHEN MEASURING KINEMATIC PARAMETERS OF REDUCING MECHANISMS
The article discusses issues related to the problem of eliminating noise interference when receiving a signal from a speed sensor during measurements and monitoring of kinematic parameters of reducing mechanisms on a specialized test bench. The disadvantages of the test benches are shown when they are used to measure the kinematic error and its harmonic components with a decrease in the speed of rotation of the drive shaft of the gearbox. It is shown that a frequency converter connected to an electric motor on a test bench and used to lower the speed of the electric motor is a source of noise interference that distorts the useful signal coming from the speed sensor. It is noted that the known signal filtering methods based on mathematical dependencies do not provide complete noise elimination and cannot be used to control the accuracy of transmissions after their manufacture. In order to completely eliminate noise interference, three filtration methods based on numerical methods have been developed that can be effectively used on test benches for measuring and controlling kinematic parameters representing the accuracy of reducing mechanisms. Graphs of the kinematic error of the gearbox and its numerical values before and after filtering the signal using the developed methods are presented. The noise level of the signal obtained with different rotational speeds of the drive shaft of the gearbox is shown. Recommendations are given on the use of the developed signal filtering methods for measurements depending on the speed of rotation of the drive shaft. The developed signal filtering methods make it possible to obtain reliable measured values and ensure high accuracy of control of test benches.
ELECTROSPARK FLUORINE-CONTAINING COATINGS
Currently, various types of coatings are used to increase the service life of machines and mechanisms. A new direction in the creation of hydride coatings is presented based on a combination of the processes of electrospark alloying of metal surfaces and subsequent treatment in solutions of surface-active fluorine-containing compounds. The aim of the research is to study the morphology and physical and mechanical characteristics of hybrid coatings formed by combining the processes of electrospark formation of hard coatings and subsequent treatment in a solution of a fluorine-containing surface-active substance. Steel P6M5 was used as a substrate for the formation of coatings. Electrodes W, T15K6 were used to form the coatings. Foleox F-5 with the structural formula Rf-CONHR2 was used to modify electrospark coatings when modifying the substrate. The studies were carried out using modern methods: scanning electron and optical microscopy, microdurametric analysis, NTR IR spectroscopy, profilometry, corrosion testing methods. It is shown that the process of hybrid coating formation allows to significantly increase the physical and mechanical characteristics of both the original metal substrates and the modified electric spark coatings. This effect of increasing the performance characteristics is expressed in the increase in the microhardness and corrosion resistance of the hybrid coatings. An increase in the microhardness of hybrid coatings by 12-15 % is observed in relation to traditional electric spark coatings. The process of increasing the microhardness of steel substrates and electric spark coatings when treated with fluorine-containing oligomers is due to the healing of microdefects on the surface of the samples under study and the formation of a strong chemisorption compound between the substrate (steel, EIL coating) and the organofluorine layers. The formation of these hybrid coatings will significantly reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of the developed hybrid coatings.
METHODS OF REINFORCEMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES DURING THEIR CONSTRUCTION USING A 3D PRINTER
In recent years, construction using 3D printers has rapidly gained popularity, which is due to the high speed of construction of objects and the ability to create complex shapes. The key area of research is the methods of reinforcing 3D printed structures, which improve the mechanical properties of finished products. Reinforcement is a critical element that increases its strength and durability of buildings printed using modern technologies. Internal reinforcement is one of the main approaches, in which reinforcing elements are integrated directly into the cross-section of the building material during printing. External reinforcement is implemented by installing additional elements on the surface of an already molded structure, which improves its resistance to environmental influences, such as temperature changes and mechanical impacts. The integrated reinforcement method is considered, which allows reducing the cost of materials and installation, which is important in the context of modern construction. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of an innovative solution – a rod reinforcement of a construction 3D printer. Such equipment is capable of automatically embedding reinforcing rods into printed structures, which minimizes the human factor and increases the accuracy of reinforcing element installation. The integration of this device into the 3D printing process opens up new prospects in the construction industry, allowing to significantly speed up the construction time of objects while simultaneously improving their structural reliability.
APPLICABILITY OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR LINEAR MODEL FOR MECHATRONIC MODULE DESIGN
Currently, adjustable drives based on three-phase asynchronous motors are widely used in various industries. Attempts are being made to use them as part of mechatronic modules. In this case, the problem of optimizing parameters in order to ensure minimum energy losses at given dynamic characteristics is urgent. This problem is most often solved on the basis of linear object models. Under certain conditions, a three-phase induction motor drive may be described by linear equations. In this case, it becomes necessary to assess the admissibility of linearization of the mathematical model and identify the conditions under which this is permissible. In addition, it is necessary to assess the consequences of not fulfilling these conditions when operating a drive designed using a linear model. This article presents the initial mathematical model of the drive, obtained on the basis of the real (non-linear) mechanical characteristic of a three-phase asynchronous electric motor, as well as a model built on the basis of a linearized mechanical characteristic. The models are implemented in the Simulink application of the MATLAB programming environment and allow you to analyze the dynamics of the drive with the calculation of energy losses. The combined mathematical model allows you to build characteristics obtained using two models in one oscilloscope window, which is convenient for their comparison. As a result of the analysis of the drive operation using the initial and linear models, it was found that both models give the same result when the speed of change of the driving signal at the input does not exceed a certain value. Otherwise, there is a discrepancy, both in the transient characteristics and in the results of calculating the energy loss. In particular, with a stepped signal, the linear model underestimates the loss by 1.5 times and increases the rate of increase of the output variable, making the transient shorter. These results occur in both the variable speed drive and the variable angle drive. For a specific drive, quantitative indicators can be determined using the proposed model. The initial model confirmed the possibility of self-oscillations in the position drive under load, which does not reveal the linear model.
MAIN DIRECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
This research paper analyzes the integration of artificial intelligence with current technologies. The possibilities and methods of integration with modern innovations are revealed, according to the studied and analyzed information from scientific sources around the world. The result of integration and possibilities of further development are demonstrated. A detailed description of the disadvantages and advantages of applying innovative technologies with integrated artificial intelligence in the construction industry is provided. The writing of this paper serves to familiarize both the scientific community and the civilian population with the possibilities and prospects of development of the construction industry through the introduction of artificial intelligence technology. Relevance: the study of current and effective technologies that have proven themselves with a positive side in the construction industry. Analysis of their implementation and use in modern realities. The aim of the research: to study the currently demanded technologies in the world construction practice with the influence of artificial intelligence on them, to consider in detail the efficiency of use in terms of economy, preservation of ecology and natural resources, ensuring safe labor activity, the possibility of further modernization and development with the provision of both disadvantages and advantages. Materials and methods: study of scientific literature, research papers, Internet sources, private channels and opinions of active enthusiasts interested in and working on the process of implementation and development of innovative technologies. Results and conclusions: the methodology of introduction and use of modern technologies in the construction industry is outlined, advantages and disadvantages of innovations are described. The basic concepts of modern technologies, their essence and demand in the world are studied, the necessity of their application and exploitation is described. The purpose of the research article is to inform and familiarize both the scientific community and the civilian population with the work done to study and describe both the importance and effectiveness of the application of modern technology in the construction field, providing personal guidance according to the examples given.
STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE COMPOSITION FOR PERFORMING POT REPAIR OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT IN YARD AREAS
At present, in the Republic of Belarus, great attention is paid to the construction and modernization of the road network, but at the same time, the condition of asphalt concrete surfaces in courtyard areas requires constant monitoring and timely repairs due to significantly increased traffic loads and not always observed technology for their construction. Asphalt concrete pavement in our yards is a very significant volume of transport infrastructure objects, which are not always repaired in time by road maintenance organizations. Carrying out repairs and installing various underground networks in the adjacent territory also aggravates this problem when carried out with the opening of the road surface. Carrying out repairs and installing various underground networks in the local area also aggravate this problem when they are carried out with the opening of the road surface. Subsidence and destruction of asphalt concrete pavement also occur as a result of failure to comply with construction standards when compacting the technological layers of the road. This situation requires timely intervention, which implies expensive repairs of the asphalt concrete pavement, which forces operating organizations to search for relatively inexpensive and technologically advanced options for solving this problem. In this article, the authors present variants of compositions for performing pothole repairs of asphalt concrete pavement in yard areas, and consider issues of their durability, as well as the economic efficiency of their use.
COMPOSITIONAL MATERIAL BASED ON A SULFUR CAKE
The material of the article reflects the results of a study of compositional material based on a sulfur cake. The possibility of the effective use of sulfur containing waste formed at the enterprises of the chemical industry of the Republic of Belarus is shown. The aim of the study was to obtain sulfur concrete made using a sulfuric cake formed as an astringent component of sulfuric acid at the stage of filtering molten sulfur at the JSC "Grodno Azot", traditional materials used for the preparation of cement concrete: sand, waste of stone processing forming during prey and processing granite crushed stone on enterprise «Granite» (Mikashevichi, Brest region). In the production of sulfur concrete, the use of sulfuric cake allows us to exclude the use of Portland cement and water necessary in the preparation of cement construction solutions. As a result of the studies it was found that the compressive strength of sulfur concrete on a sulfur cake in the first day of tests showed values equal to indicators of the compressive strength during the compression of fine grained concrete on Portland cement binder at the age of 28 days. Indicators of water absorption and chemical resistance of samples of sulfur concrete exceed the values for cement concrete. The following optimal indicators of sulfuric concrete on the sulfuric cake are established experimentally: compression strength – 51.1 MPa (sulfuric mash – 70 wt. %, granite shifts – 30 wt. % with a maximum size of grains of 0.16 mm), water absorption – from 0.14 to 0.42 %, chemical resistance (expressed through loss of mass of material) – from 0.27 to 1.5 %. The authors of the article briefly set out the stages of preparation of sulfur concrete. The most rational areas of the application of compositional material based on sulfur containing waste were noted.
REINFORCEMENT OF MASONRY STRUCTURES USING INTERNAL MASONRY REINFORCEMENT SYSTEMS
An analysis of the methods of repair and reinforcement by internal reinforcement systems of cracked masonry made of brick and natural stone is given. It is noted that the effectiveness of internal reinforcement of masonry depends on the values of the initial stresses acting in the structure. It is pointed out that the effectiveness of this method has not been sufficiently studied to strengthen masonry made of effective wall materials, in particular, masonry made of autoclave-hardened cellular concrete blocks, in which cracks often occur caused by shrinkage deformations of the masonry, as well as deflections of the supporting floors. Experimental studies of the effectiveness of strengthening a cracked stone wall made of cellular concrete blocks on thin-layer joints using an internal reinforcement system with spiral rods have been carried out. The studies were carried out on a model representing a closed steel frame with rigid joints filled with masonry made of cellular concrete blocks with a doorway. In the area above the opening of the masonry, the rods were installed "dry" by screwing into pilot holes that were drilled into the opening. In other filling areas, the rods were installed in grooves cut by a milling cutter with a depth of 50–80 mm, followed by their filling with a special polymer-cement mortar. It has been established that reinforcing masonry made of cellular concrete blocks with spiral rods is an effective means of increasing its stiffness and crack resistance. It is recommended to position the rods in the direction of the expected trajectories of the main tensile stresses. The values and trajectories of principal stresses are determined through structural analysis using finite element methods. Tests have shown low efficiency of mechanical connection of spiral rods "dry" with masonry made of cellular concrete blocks.
FEATURES OF ART NOVELTIES AND ECLECTICISM IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF SOVIET BELARUS IN THE 1920s
The article examines the development of formative features of the Belarusian architecture of the first years of Soviet power. It is determined that along with single avant-garde buildings in the 1920s, there were a significant number of Art Nouveau and eclectic buildings. A. Voinov, A. Shamruk and other researchers did not refer to this empirical material, creating a limited understanding of the predestination of processes in architecture by events of political history. Based on special research by domestic and foreign theorists (A. Lakotka, A. Ikonnikov, E. Kirichenko, V. Vlasov), the author of this article has formed a model of eclectic and modern styles. It is proposed to use the term "eclecticism" to describe buildings in which it is impossible to note the obvious features of Art Nouveau or academic classicism. At the same time, "Modern" is considered as a style initially focused on creating a fundamentally new, modern formal language designed to mark a new stage in the development of architecture. A specific feature of the Soviet avant-garde, which replaced modernity, is shown – the doctrinal rejection of all kinds of adornment, i. e. from traditional decorative elements, which was compensated by the use of relevant materials and technical solutions at that time. The features of Art Nouveau are noted in a wide range of buildings: from unique representative to ordinary buildings. It is emphasized that the limited development of eclecticism was facilitated by the conventional perception of this trend as bourgeois. When creating eclectic images, the architects turned to earlier construction experience, to folk tradition, which was most successfully embodied in wooden architecture. The few remaining buildings dating back to the first years of Soviet rule require further study, protection and careful reconstruction.
FEATURES OF DETERMINING SNOW LOADS ON BUILDING STRUCTURES
The article compares the requirements for determining the magnitude of snow loads on the roofs of buildings and structures during their design according to the rules established in the regulatory documents of various countries and associations: Belarus, Russia, the European Union, Canada, and the USA. It describes the approach to determining the design value of snow load on building roofs. Clarifications are provided for determining the characteristic value of snow load on the ground (the normative weight of the snow cover per square meter of surface). A comparative analysis of the formulas used in regulatory documents for calculating snow loads is presented in the form of a comparative table. Using the example of the distribution of snow load for cylindrical roofs (arched, curved, vaulted, or similar) in the absence of snow-retaining barriers, the differences in regulatory schemes for uniform (without considering snow drift) and non-uniform (considering snow drift) distribution of snow on the roof are clearly demonstrated, taking into account the differences in the determination of coefficients (drift/wind protection coefficient, which considers the drift of snow from building roofs under the influence of wind or other factors; thermal coefficient; importance coefficient of snow load; rain load coefficient; shape coefficient, which accounts for the transition from the weight of the ground snow cover to the snow load on the roof; roof slope coefficient; and snow accumulation coefficient on the roof). Recommendations are provided for determining snow loads distributed on roofs whose shape or configuration is not included among those proposed in the regulatory document, as well as measures for the process of clearing snow from roofs.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF FOUNDATION PRECIPITATION MULTIFUNCTIONAL CENTER
Foundation sedimentation is a critical parameter in assessing the stability and durability of buildings. For operational structures, precipitation monitoring requires a special approach, since traditional methods (for example, static tests) may not be applicable due to the risk of structural damage. One of the methods of checking the proper conditions of structures of buildings and structures to confirm their operability and behavior under load is verification based on test results [1]. The loading method, based on the controlled application of a payload to the foundation followed by the measurement of deformations, makes it possible to evaluate the behavior of the building's foundation and predict their behavior under load, while minimizing the risks of deformations and structural failures, as well as optimizing costs during design work during the modernization (reconstruction) of the building. Modern technologies such as geodetic monitoring using electronic total stations, GPS sensors and fiber-optic systems ensure continuous monitoring of precipitation in real time. These data are integrated with numerical modeling in software complexes (for example, PLAXIS or MIDAS), which makes it possible to refine forecasts and adapt the foundation structure to changing conditions. Experimental studies of the precipitation of the foundations of the multifunctional center included the installation of measuring devices (geodetic grades) on the columns of the studied foundations with geodetic monitoring, using electronic total stations. The load was created in stages using a hydraulic ballast installed on the ceiling of the building. After each stage of loading, vertical movements were recorded, which made it possible to plot load-sediment graphs and determine soil deformations. This method proved to be effective for the building under study, as it combined sufficient accuracy with minimal risks. However, its application requires an integrated approach: a combination of geotechnical calculations, modern monitoring tools and adaptation to the conditions of a particular facility. The loading method occupies an intermediate position between theoretical models and field tests, providing a balance between practicality and reliability.
ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY TO PROMOTE IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS BASED ON THE VAR MODEL
The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics and structural features of the construction sector of the Republic of Belarus, as well as its impact on the national economy for the period 2014–2023. The research aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the construction sector's development, identify key factors determining its functioning, and define its role in ensuring the quality and efficiency of the Belarusian national economy. To achieve this goal, the study employs a comprehensive methodological approach, including the analysis of statistical data on key indicators of the construction industry (dynamics of contract work volumes, structure and volumes of investments, number of construction organizations, housing commissioning) and econometric modeling based on a Time-Varying Vector Autoregression (TV-VAR) model. The key variables selected for modeling were the GDP of the Republic of Belarus, the volume of construction contract work, fixed capital investments allocated to construction, the share of construction investments in total investment capital, and the physical volume index of construction and installation works. The analysis of current trends revealed periods of dynamic transformations in the Belarusian construction industry, including the impact of state modernization programs and fluctuations in the sector's share of GDP. The significant role of the state as a regulator and customer was noted, as well as changes in the number of construction organizations and the volume of contract work, including capital and current repairs, at the regional level. The dynamics of investments in construction and installation works and housing commissioning were also analyzed. The research findings can be useful for forming effective investment policies, forecasting construction activity, and developing measures to enhance the industry's competitiveness.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMETRIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE FARE PAYMENT SYSTEM IN URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION
In the article on the basis of the analysis of scientific recommendations and practice of fare payment organization in urban passenger transport in the Republic of Belarus and other countries, methodological advantages and problems of econometric substantiation of its prospective development are revealed. The necessity to prevent passengers from abusing the possibility of “fare dodging” and to ensure economic integrity in the use of public transport by means of digitalization of technological and financial technology of its payment system implementation in passenger transport is argued. It has been established that such key trends of digitalization of passenger transport as the development and harmonized implementation of technological achievements of mechatronics, robotization, “artificial” intelligence (AI), ecotronics in logistics create prerequisites for overcoming the conflict configuration of fare payment systems in urban passenger transport, alternative costs, revenues and the complexity of their optimization from the position of the requirements of competitive policy of all participants of ecosystems on the basis of economic theory not traditional equilibrium, but on the basis of the economic theory of the equilibrium of all participants of the ecosystems. The necessity of effective adaptation of the fare payment system in urban passenger transport to the new challenges and opportunities of its digitalization through the development and practical application of engineering and economic methodological tools of accounting policy of effective mining of dynamically differentiated values of transport companies' tariffs on the fluctuating market of aggregate-network or “smart-split” demand and supply of passenger transportation has been argued, taking into account three fundamental prerequisites of its development: 1) new adaptive structuring of databases of passenger travel records and/or fare calculations and workflow; 2) implementation of an electronic ticket aggregator, which performs online complex of procedures and operations for the implementation of dynamic fare payment systems in urban passenger transport and 3) their online metrology and digital administration. The concept of engineering-technological use of double validation of dynamic differentiation of investment-financial cross-interaction of transportation companies, passengers and budget (state) is developed and proposed.
MODELING GRAPH THEORY PROBLEMS USING COMPUTER ALGEBRA SYSTEMS
Graph theory plays an important role in economics, enabling the analysis of complex systems and the discovery of optimal solutions. It is applied in logistics to optimize transportation routes and minimize costs. In market structures, graphs help model competition, determine the influence of companies, and identify key players. Financial networks use graph models to analyze capital flows and assess systemic risks. In social and economic networks, graphs make it possible to study participant interactions and their impact on processes such as supply chains or the spread of information. These methods make economic analysis more precise and help in making effective decisions. Solving these problems is very labor-intensive and requires the implementation of new methods that use classical graph problems based on computer algebra systems. This article explores the ways of defining graphs in the symbolic package Mathematica, demonstrating its capabilities when working with graphs. Mathematica is a powerful computer algebra system developed by Wolfram Research. It is used for mathematical, engineering, and scientific computations, as well as for data visualization and modeling of complex systems. Data visualization in the system is characterized by high accuracy and interactive capabilities, which is especially useful for research and presentations. The main focus is on solving and visualizing two key problems: finding the maximum (or minimum) spanning tree and the Chinese Postman Problem, where the goal is to find the optimal route that traverses all the edges of a graph. The algorithms implemented in Mathematica are examined, along with the visualization of the resulting solutions, highlighting the practical application of graphs in optimization tasks.
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF A CROSS-BORDER REGION
An effective system for managing the economic potential of a territory improves the quality of management at the regional level and stimulates the growth of competitiveness of regions. In a rapidly changing environment, the issue of assessing and implementing new approaches to the development of the economic potential of cross-border regions is becoming relevant. These approaches should help identify and use internal reserves for economic growth, as well as make the most of the benefits of integration and cross-border relations. The lack of scientifically sound economic methods for analyzing and assessing the formation and use of economic resources inhibits investment, innovation and consumer activity, which, in turn, slows down the pace of economic development. The relevance of the study of theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to managing the development of cross-border regions is due to the need to adapt their goals and objectives to changing geopolitical realities, efficient use of transit potential, development of transport infrastructure and improvement of mechanisms for the rational development of the region's economic potential. All these reasons indicate the relevance of further study of the economic potential of the cross-border region, the mechanism of its functioning, development on this basis of a system of management decisions aimed at the effective formation and use of economic potential. As a result of the study, a methodological approach to assessing the economic potential of the cross-border region is presented. The algorithm for assessing the level of economic potential of the cross-border region includes 8 stages. 73 indicators characterizing the development of the cross-border economic development corridor were selected. The selected indicators were subsequently combined into eight blocks. The methodology uses a static-dynamic approach to analyze the economic potential depending on the duration of the period of studying the state of the object. At the final stage, the calculation of the integral indicator was carried out using the aggregation method by the geometric mean. For a correct understanding of the results, threshold values of the level of economic potential are set. The paper presents the calculation of the level of economic potential of the cross-border economic development corridor for the period 2013–2022. Economic development, which the cross-border economic development corridor gives to the territory, has a positive effect on the dynamics of GDP.
THE PROBLEM OF STAFF RETENTION: DETERMINING FACTORS AND SOLUTION STRATEGIES
In the conditions of shortage of qualified personnel in the labor market, personnel retention is becoming a priority. Today, personnel retention is a key personnel strategy aimed at identifying qualified and talented employees, keeping them on the staff of the organization, developing and using their potential in the long term. The personnel retention strategy of the organization is a set of measures to reduce staff turnover and retain the staff. Employee retention should be considered as a strategic practice of human resource management, including long-term personnel planning, formation of a personnel reserve and career management, identification, development and retention of talented employees. Formation of a personnel strategy aimed at identifying qualified and talented employees, keeping them on the staff of the organization, developing and using their potential in the long term is a priority task of personnel management of a modern organization. Development and implementation of effective personnel retention strategies provide long-term benefits to the organization, contribute to economic development and stability. The problem of staff retention is determined by external (globalization and regionalization, improvement of digital and intellectual technologies, activity and development of transnational corporations, migration processes, demographic hole of the 1990s, mismatch of preferences of young people with the needs of the labor market, shortage of qualified personnel and aging of the population) and internal (work environment, hierarchical organizational structure, micromanagement style, staff satisfaction, concern for the well-being of employees) factors of the organization's life. The key to staff retention is the consistent implementation of effective methods of employee engagement, training and development, performance management and remuneration of personnel, the presence and maintenance of a strong organizational culture, and the use of ethical leadership based on honesty, integrity and commitment to ethical standards.
STRUCTURAL-BEHAVIORAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE TAX SYSTEM AS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PAYER’S TAX STRATEGY
The set of taxes and fees, their structure and methods of collection, the scope of tax distribution, tax privileges and administrative pressure, as well as other characteristics of the tax system are a weighted mechanism for implementing ideas and preferences in socialeconomic challenges facing the state, the result of applied developments of scientists, a multidisciplinary environment of operation of payers, building their strategies that are not only aimed at adjusting to the current tax rules, but also to develop relevant solutions for strengthening financial positions. An integral procedure for the formation of a tax strategy by taxpayers is a comprehensive assessment of the tax system. The article argues the study of tax system by blocks (structural, behavioral, functional), corresponding to the procedure of elaboration of tax strategy of the organization. The need for a study of the structural block of the tax system was justified, allowing to identify the potential composition of the taxes to be paid, their qualitative properties in terms of elements, correlation with the proposed groupings according to various criteria (the subject of tax, taxation regime, possibility and breadth of rights of authorized bodies forming gross income elements, criterion of their influence on the resulting indicator, possibility of manipulating elements of the tax, etc.), as well as accessibility and clarity of information on the tax system. The practical value of assessment of tax system in terms of its mobility and urgency (variability of tax system, dates of commencement and period of effect of changes made to tax legislation, procedure for making changes) combined into a behavioral block has been proven. The importance of studying such characteristics of the tax system as orientation of the current tax system, existence of direct reservations regarding tax optimization, responsibility for tax violations, combined in a functional block was determined.
METHODOLOGY OF STUDYING STRUCTURAL DEFICIT OF STAFF USE
This article is devoted to the development of a methodology for analyzing the structural deficit in the use of personnel in organizations in various industries. The paper considers the main approaches to identifying and assessing ineffective aspects of the distribution and use of human resources, as well as their impact on the productivity and financial performance of the enterprise. The authors propose a systematic approach that includes data collection and processing. On the structure of personnel, analysis of factors limiting the effective use of employees. Structural deficit can manifest itself in a lack of qualified specialists, ineffective distribution of tasks or an excess of employees in a particular department. Particular attention is paid to quantitative analysis methods, such as calculating personnel utilization rates. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of applying the proposed methodology to improve the efficiency of human resource management, reduce costs and increase the competitiveness of the organization. In general, the article contributes to the development of methods for assessing and optimizing the use of personnel, which is important for strategic planning and improving the operational efficiency of enterprises in various fields of activity. The article will be useful for executives of organizations, HR specialists and researchers in the field of labor relations seeking to improve the efficiency of their teams and improve the organizational structure.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF STIMULATING INVESTMENT PROCESSES AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
In the conditions of limited investment resources, which are one of the main factors of economic growth of the region, the issues of regulation of its investment activity based on the activation of investment processes are of particular importance. Against the background of the growing need for investments, the relevance of finding methods (instruments) of stimulating investment processes adapted to modern economic conditions, contributing to the growth of investment potential and accumulation of investment resources in the region increases. The article pays attention to the study of world experience in the application of stimulating methods (instruments) on the example of individual developing and developed countries of the CIS, Asia and Europe. The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the experience of foreign countries to identify its effective aspects with their possible implementation in domestic practice. The theoretical basis of the research was the works of domestic and foreign authors, the legislative base, as well as scientific and practical literature devoted to the issues of regulating investment activities at the regional level. A systems approach, general logical (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, analogy), special (monographic) methods of cognition are used. Within the framework of the study, the range of methods involved in the management of regional investment processes is analyzed in the context of four groups formed based on the type of regulatory instruments used (administrative, economic, institutional, organizational and managerial). The article structures the main elements of the regional investment policy of the countries under study, reveals the features and factors influencing the choice of instrument and the formation of a regional portfolio of instruments for stimulating investment processes. As a result of the analysis, based on the practical aspects of foreign experience, directions for improving the domestic practice of regulating regional investment activity based on activating investment processes using administrative, economic, institutional, organizational and managerial methods of influence are proposed. The results obtained can be used by meso-level government bodies in developing and implementing a regional investment strategy.
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
In the context of global economic transformations and increasing intercountry competition, the issue of objectivity in assessing the competitiveness of the national economy is becoming a critical task for any state. Existing methodologies often do not take into account the influence of a number of macroeconomic factors that have a significant impact on the level of competitiveness, which creates the need for their expert analysis. This article provides an in-depth macroeconomic rating assessment of the factors affecting the competitiveness of the national economy. The conducted study allows us to systematize the data, assess the influence of each determinant and identify key relationships that contribute to an objective assessment of competitive positions. An integrated approach made it possible to develop theoretical and methodological recommendations that contribute to the optimization of national economic policy and significantly improve the accuracy of forecasting the competitiveness of the national economy. The practical significance of the study lies in its ability to ensure a comprehensive application of the results to improve management strategies, rationalize resource allocation and create incentives for the development of modern economic sectors. The identified determinants provide an analytical basis for adjusting strategic priorities, helping to strengthen national potential and increase competitiveness at the international level. Based on the analysis, a toolkit has been developed aimed at improving existing approaches to assessing the competitiveness of the national economy. The recommendations will ensure efficient resource allocation, as well as form a system of dynamic control of key macroeconomic indicators taking into account global trends. Thus, the performed macroeconomic rating assessment of factors provides a comprehensive understanding of the state of the national economy and its development prospects. The application of the developed recommendations can strengthen the competitive position of the state and lay the foundation for long-term economic well-being and sustainable development.
AN INNOVATIVE MODEL OF THE HEA COMPETITIVENESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
One of the promising areas for increasing the efficiency of domestic higher education institutions (HEIs) in the current crisis conditions is the creation of an innovative model of the HEI competitiveness management system (IMCS HEI). The research was carried out according to proven methodological recommendations within the framework of the implementation of complex research end-to-end tasks (CRCT); practical classes for students; the work of student research circles; and courses for training (retraining) specialists. As a result of the research, the ICS HEI model was developed and modified to suit the existing external conditions, aimed at activating the activities of the managed object and possessing a high level of innovative activity to overcome existing geopolitical challenges. It includes two interconnected components that interact with each other. The first component is the external environment, which includes input data, output results, feedback and communication with the external environment. The work provides a detailed decomposition and analysis of the components of the external environment of the ICS HEI model in accordance with modern realities. The second component, known as the "black box", is an internal structure that includes interconnected components that ensure the impact of management entities on the object, the transformation of input data into output data and the achievement of the goals of the ICS HEI model. This component also includes modified subsystems (changed to suit modern realities): scientific support, target, supporting, managed and control subsystems, which will be developed in more detail in subsequent publications. Thus, the developed model of the ISUKsp UVO is based on the interconnected components of the external environment and internal structure, providing the opportunity for more effective management and achieving goals in the face of modern challenges. The article is a logical continuation of the authors' work "Innovative system of training and maintenance decision-making", published in the 3rd edition of 2024. Vestnik of BrSTU.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF FORMING REGIONAL INTEGRATED STRUCTURES FOR CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
As of today, an important issue for the development of a competitive economy in the Republic of Belarus is the question related to the modernization of the system of economic relations and effective management at all territorial levels based on the integration of business entities, which has been reflected in the state policy of the republic and in a number of adopted program documents for the medium-term and long-term perspective. In this regard, the problem of effective management of construction, related to the formation and development of regional integrated structures, is relevant. The article presents a developed conceptual model for the formation of regional integrated construction management structures, based on the following principles of organizing production systems in construction: concentration, specialization, continuity, proportionality, continuity, rhythm, cooperation, combination. The conceptual model highlights three key phases in the formation of regional integrated structures: the phase of operational activity of the organization, the phase of assessing the need for restructuring, and the restructuring phase. The phase of operational activity of the organization includes an analysis of the organic relationship among three subsystems: construction production technology, construction management, and organizational structure. The phase of assessing the need for restructuring is based on evaluating the compliance of organizational forms and management structures with the requirements of construction production. The main criteria for assessing the compliance of organizational forms and management structures with the requirements of construction production have been formulated. The restructuring phase consists of a series of stages detailing the process of forming regional integrated structures. The proposed conceptual model, unlike the existing practice, allows for the creation of a theoretical and methodological basis for new tools for forming regional integrated structures, which contributes to the increased efficiency of construction management.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF FUNCTIONING OF DOMESTIC FREE ECONOMIC ZONES THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE EXPERIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Currently, free economic zones occupy a prominent and very significant role in the world economy. As world experience shows, such economic entities, regardless of their name, have significant potential for successfully solving many social and economic problems facing each state. At the present stage of economic development of the Republic of Belarus the importance of the further effective functioning of free economic zones is undeniable. Moreover, our free economic zones should not lose competitiveness at the site of the Eurasian Economic Union. In this regard, it is important to timely study the experience of partners in the Eurasian Economic Union in the development of similar economic entities in order to introduce best practices in the activities of free economic zones of the Republic of Belarus. The article analyzed the main indicators of the activities of residents of the free economic zones of the Republic of Belarus, including in terms of their contribution to the economic development of their basing regions. Using the SWOT analysis, strengths and weaknesses were identified, as well as opportunities and threats to the further development of Belarusian free economic zones. Along with this, the article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the functioning of special economic zones of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the measures taken by the authorities in stages to increase the efficiency of their activities. Based on the results of studying the experience of introducing the institute of special economic zones in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the author proposed directions for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of functioning of domestic free economic zones.
The article "Slogan in Advertising Communication" is devoted to advertising communication as one of the most common types of mass communication. The purpose of the study is to determine the most effective psycholinguistic tools for composing advertising slogans to form a positive image of a brand or product. The author analyzes the types of advertising communication and models of their perception by the target audience. The introduction examines how the rapid development of data transmission technologies and the spread of access to information affect the behavior of the modern consumer. The main part analyzes the features of the advertising media message and its components, as well as, ways of attracting the consumer's attention and fixing positive associations on his subconscious level regarding the image of the company, product or service. Particular attention in the article is paid to the linguistic tools used to create emotionally charged images. In particular, such effective techniques for fixing the consumer's attention as repetitions and rhymed slogans that are easy to remember and recognize are considered. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of advertising depends not only on the choice of language and the context, as well as, its correspondence to the goals of the campaign and the target audience, that is why the paper focuses on stylistic techniques used in creating advertising slogans taking into account cultural and linguistic differences. Such a phenomenon as linguistic shock is examined in detail too. The conclusion presents practical recommendations for composing advertising slogans to improve the economic efficiency of an advertising campaign. The scope of research application is educational programs in linguistics, advertising communication and marketing, as well as in the development of marketing strategies and advertising campaigns.