INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION OF HYBRID AlTiN VACUUM COATINGS ON THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-SPEED STEELS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36773/1818-1112-2026-140-2-84-90Keywords:
PVD coatings, AlTiN, AlTiCN, AlTiCF, AlTiNCF, high-speed steel, microhardness, surface free energy, tribology, AFMAbstract
One of the effective ways to increase the life of a metal cutting tool is to form thin wear-resistant coatings on its working surface based on transition metal nitrides, among which the coatings of the AlTiN system are of particular interest. The article examines the effect of the composition of multifunctional vacuum coatings of the AlTiN, AlTiCN, AlTiCF, AlTiNCF system formed by the method of cathode-arc physical vapor deposition (PVD) on the physicomechanical, tribotechnical and surface-energy properties of high-speed steel R6M5. The study included microhardness measurements, friction coefficient determination, atomic force microscopy, surface roughness analysis and surface free energy evaluation using contact angle measurements. The results demonstrate that the chemical composition of the coatings significantly affects the formation of the columnar microstructure, grain refinement and surface morphology. Carbon alloying promotes densification of the coating structure and decreases the characteristic size of structural elements, whereas fluorine incorporation reduces the surface free energy and adhesion, resulting in lower friction coefficients. Among the investigated coatings, AlTiCF exhibits the optimum combination of hardness, morphology and roughness, while AlTiNCF provides the lowest surface energy and the highest anti-adhesive performance. A mechanism explaining the improvement in tribological properties through grain refinement, dense nanostructure formation and low-energy surface layer development is proposed. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the developed coatings for increasing the service life of cutting tools operating under severe abrasive and adhesive wear conditions.
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